A reflex is a spontaneous and often unconscious action towards a triggering element. An itch triggers a person to scratch which is one way of warning that something is putting pressure on the skin such as a mosquito. Foreign invaders such as moulds, pollen and dust mites triggers coughing to help clear the mouth, throat or lung tissues. Sneezing is very similar to coughing except that it is directed through the nose.

Vomiting is usually caused by harmful substances that managed to reach the stomach or the upper segment of the small intestines. Tearing results when dust or debris irritates the eyes but the fluid causes the eyelids to overflow to wash away the irritant. These reflexes, although a bit annoying provides essential protection against toxins before they can cause further harm.